In such cases, urgent fasciotomy is required to salvage the tissues.Ībrasions are frequently encountered in minor accidents. In rare cases, the deep penetrating bruise can cut off the blood and nerve supply of the muscles resulting in Compartment syndrome. Delayed healing is another complication of bruises, particularly those which are large. Antibiotics might be required to treat the condition. Bacteria can penetrate through the broken skin causing redness, warmth, and pain of the adjacent tissues. Infection is one of the leading complications of bruises. Hematomas, however take a month or more to subside. Majority of the bruises fade away in two weeks with good conservative management. Ice packs are applied repetitively for the first 48 hours. This is done by giving analgesia and by rest and elevation of the affected part. The key objective of treating bruise is to promptly control the extravasation of the blood. Very severe contusions will result in a blood filled, boggy mass called hematoma. With healing it transitions to lighter brown and yellow. The bruise is initially red and purple and may appear black on darker skin tones. The clinical signs and symptoms of bruising range from pain initially depending on the extent and site of injury, followed by ecchymosis, and lastly swelling. Unexplained frequent bruising might need additional tests such as blood tests and X-rays. Diagnosis:Ī physician will observe and diagnose a bruise based on its discrete look. One key differential diagnosis of bruising is child abuse which should never be neglected. Other causes include taking blood thinning medications such as aspirin, having a low platelet count and having a deficiency of Vitamin C or K. Familial medical conditions such as hemophilia and Von Willebrand disease can result in frequent bruising. However increased propensity to bruising is alarming and needs evaluation to determine the exact cause. Falls, accidents, bumps and sport injuries are few of the common causes of harmless bruises. A bruise is a discoloration that is associated with subcutaneous hemorrhage and laceration without the presence of an obvious wound at the affected site.
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